Carburetor



May 20, 1952 R. w. ENGNATH 2,597,780

@ 7 IN VEN TOR.

May 20, 1952 R. w. ENGNATH CARBURETOR Filed Sept. 114, 1948 2SHEETS-SHEET 2 INVENTOR. /P/OH/PD M ENQNATH BY t W'ff/ @uw y @Mw /MI/@gam/Vive.

Patented May 20, 1952 4'rss er i combinations pointed out in theappended claims.

f The invention consists in the novel parts, constructions,arrangements, combinations and improvements herein shown and described.

. The accompanying drawings, referred to herein and constituting a .parthereof, illustrate an ern- -bodiment of the invention, and together,Awith theV description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.l

O f the drawings: n

Fig.,1 is a vertical central cross-sectional view of a typical andillustrative `embodiment ofthe invention; I n I Fig. 2 is across-sectional view taken valong line 2'-'2 of Fig. l; Y A f Fig. 3 isa cross-sectional View taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a perspective View, with certain portions br-oken away tobetter show the constru'ction, of one of the fuel mixing tubes'shown inFig. 1'; y

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view 6-'-6 of Fig. 5; Y

Fig. '7 is 'a cross-sectional View taken alongline 'I-,'I of Fig. 5;and,

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the invention as shown in Fig. 1.

The invention has for an object the provision View taken along linetaken along line of -an improved carburetor for use with liquid fuels ininternal combustion engines. Another inexpensive to make and simple inconstruction, providing an efcient carburetor having an absolute minimumof working parts and necessary adjustments. The invention furtherprovides a carburetor which contributes to improved engine performanceand at the same time results in; substantial fuel savings. Still anotherobject is the 9 claims. (o1. zelf-2s) lobject is the provision of acarburetor which is provision of a carburetor which saves the enginewith which it is used as, for instance, by inhibiting the formation ofcarbon therein, and likewise is of such design that its reliable,performance is l assured free of excessive wear and'maladjustment ofparts. Y v

Referring now in detail to the illustrative embodiments of the inventionshown by way of example in the accompanying drawings, and referringfirstparticularly to Fig. 1, the carburetor of the invention is vdesignatedgenerallylwith the numeral I0 and is shown as mounted by means 'offlangeIIiuponthe fuel intake manifold I2 of an internal V,combustion engine.An air cleaner may if desired be provided at the air intake ofthecarburetor as indicated at I3- in Fig.'1. v i j The'carburetor IIIcomprises a central tubular element I4 which is the conduit for thecombustible fuel and air mixture prepared inthe carburetor andrdeliveredto the manifold. I 2, the carburetor being assembled by threadedlyengaging the extended lower end 4of element It'V in the flange I I'. Thetubular element III also cooperates with a sleeve 24 axially slidablypositioned within it to form a sleevevalve as the control means foradmitting fuel Vair, mixture to the engine, as will `hereinafter be morefully described.

i The fuel reservoir and mixing portions of the carburetordll'l comprisethe external cylindrical jacket I5 closed at the bottom by the annularplateIS secured theretosaid plate having a cenltral laperture to'receivethe element I4 and resting on a shoulder 'I'I of said element whereby.the

both Ito the jacket I5 and element I4. The two annular 'chambers thusfo-rmed by the plates I6, I8 and I9 are each again divided into aplurality of individual chambers, in the illustrative embodiment shown'the lower annular chamber being divided into the six vchambers 20 bymeans of the radially extending walls 2| between'the jacket I5,the-element I4, and extending axially from plate 'IS to plate I8, whilethe upper annular chamber is similarly divided into six chambers22 bymeans of radially extending walls 23. The ,twelve chambers -of the type20 and 22 serve as mixing chamlbers'. and conduits for fuel and airmixture which is to be admitted to the interior of element I4 andtubular element IAjthat ,they communicate wi-th their individualchamber, and are sol'distributed Vaxially that theywll beprogressivelyfuncovered by the sleeve 24 as it is raised from alowermost position covering all of the apertures to a progressivelyhigher position within element I4. Such means comprise the valve forincreasing the power delivery of the engine by progressively increasingthe admission thereto of the predetermined mixture -of fuel and airavailable from `each of the several chambers 20 and 22.

A third annular chamber 21 above the other two is formed by the plate 28spaced above plate I9, and said plate 28 is similarly centrallyapertured to receive the central tubular element I4. The chamber 21serves as a reservoir for liquid fuel available for'admixture with airand introduction into the engine, the fuel line 29 communicating withthe chamber and a fuelrsource. An overflow outlet 29' is provided forreturn of fuel in excess of requirements in the chamber, 'so that apredetermined and constant level is maintained in the reservoir withoutthe use of float and valve arrangements as conventionally used.

The means for intimately mixing the fuel from reservoir 21 with the airstream passing through the carburetor so as to provide the desired fuelvapor and air mixture comprise a plurality of mixing tubes 30 forsupplying'the upper chambers 22 and a plurality of other tubes 3| forsupplying the lowerchambers 20. As shown, a mixing tube 39 is providedfor each of the chambers 23, and they are spaced about and threadedlyengaged in suitable apertures in plate I9 so` as to communicatetherewith. The mixing tubes 3| are similarly spaced about plate I9radially more outwardly than tubes 30 and pass through suitableapertures in the plate, having lower extensions 32 passing downwardlythrough the chambers 22 and extending to and through suitable aperturesin plate I8, being threadedly engaged therein. A tube 3| is provided foreach of the lower chambers 28. There is thus provided a direct,individual conduit Afor air fuel mixture to each of the twelve chambers20 and 22 and from them to the engine through their indvidualaperturesor port 25 as it is uncovered by sleeve 24. The air stream forVadrnixture with the fuel from reservoir 21 enters through the passage34 of the annular cap 34 of the carburetor, which is removably securedto the jacket VI at its upper edge as shown.

The construction and operation of the mixing tubes 30 vand 3| aresimilar except for the extension 32 of the tubes 3|, so that adescription of the tubes 30 as shown in Figs. 5 to 7 will sufflee forboth. As there shown said tubes are formed of a pair of sleeves 35 and36 the .former closely encircling the latter as, for instance, with aforce fit. Each tube Ais provided with one 'or more air and fuelchannels designated generally 31, each said channel being formed byrelieving the surface of the inner sleeve 36 'and covered lby the outersleeve 35, said channels comprising a vertically directed reach 38, asecond shorter vertically directed reach 39and a short reach 40interconnecting the other reaches at their bottom ends. The reach 38adjacent its upper end is provided with one or more ports 4| in theouter sleeve 35 which establishes communication for the interior of.channel 31 with the air surrounding the tubes 39 and 3|, and anotherport 42 through the exterior sleeve 35 is positioned adjacent the lowerend of reach 38, so that it lies below the constant level of fuel inreservoir 21, as shown in Fig. l, and provides for the supply of fuel tothe interior of 'channel 31. Another port 43 is provided towardthe upper4 end of channel reach 39, and said port passes through both sleeves 35and 36, whereby fuel and air mixture rising along reach 39 is furthermixed with additional air from around the tubes 30 and 3| and isintroduced into the interior thereof.

The means for actuating the sleeve 24 -axially within the tubularelement I4 comprise a cap member 45 threadedly mounted on the top ofelement I4 and having an extension 46 on one side thereof wherein theshaft 41 is journalled The shaft 41 is secured against relative rotationwith respect to an arm 48 positioned within the cap member, and a link49 interconnects the arm and a lshaft 50 which seats in the walls ofsleeve 24. A coiled spring 5| interconnectsstationary extension 45 and acollar 52 fixed to shaft 41, tending to rotate the shaft in a directionto lower sleeve 24 and cover the ports 25. A bent lever 53 is secured tothe end of shaft 41 andV has pivotally Vsecured thereto the rod 54whereby the sleeve valve may be opened under the control of the operatorof the motor. AY set screw 55 in bracket 56 on the exterior of jacket I5is provided for adjusting the minimum lower position of sleeve 24 andthus the idling speed of the engine.

The operation of the carburetor of the invention will be apparent fromthe description thereof which has been made. At idlingr speed the setscrew 55 may be so positioned that sleeve 24 uncovers all or a part ofthe lowermost port 25, and as the sleeve is progressively raised underthe control of the operator, additional of the ports 25 will beuncovered. As each said port is opened intake suction is applied to thechamlber 20 or 22 associated therewith, and air communication is therebyestablished downwardly through the respective tube 30 or 3| and into themanifold. As each tube 39 or 3| is utilized there is an intake of airinto its ports 4| traveling downwardly through reach 38 of channel 31,mingling with and picking up fuel standing therein up to the fuel levelin reservoir 21, the fuel having access through port 42. The vcommingledfuel and air thereafter progress up reach 39, where it encounters afurther air stream passing throug port 43 to the interior of the tube.The air and fuel vapor is then carried downwardly and intimately mixedwith the air stream through the tube, into a chamber 22 or 20 vandthence to the engine. The channels 31 always carry a standing reserve offuel providing for immediate acceleration without an vacceleration pumpor other means often provided. It will' be noted that the conventionaloat arrangement is dispensed with, and the multiple design of the tubes30 and 3| standing directly in the free reservoir eliminate plugging offuel passages and much of the jet wear of conventional carburetors. Aminimum of moving parts are found in the construction, and the fuel andair mixture at all points of operation is at maximum efficiency.

The chambers 29 and 22 serve principally simply as conduits between themixing tubes and the interior of element I4, and could be replaced bycurved elbows of tubing or otherwise as desired.

The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specificmechanisms shown anddescribed vbut departures may be made therefrom,

within the scope of the accompanying claims,

without departing from the principles of the invent-,ion and without;sacrificing its chief advantages. v

v'What'l claim is:

1. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines having an air intakeport and an airfuel mixture outlet port, a plurality of air-fuel mixingdevices between said ports, a valve to effect individual communicationbetween said ports through each said device, a fuel reservoir withinwhich said devices are seated, and means for maintaining a substantiallyconstant level of fuel in said reservoir, each said device comprising avertically disposedY tubular member having a cylindrical bore open atboth ends and having a duct within the walls thereof, said duct having apair of vertically extending reaches and a lower reach interconnectingsaid reaches one' of said vertical reaches having a pair of portstherein establishing communication exteriorly of said member said portsbeing adjacent the upper and lower ends respectively of said member, andthe other vertical reach having a port therein establishingcommunication exteriorly of said member and interiorly of saidcylindrical bore.

2. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines rhaving an air inletport and an air-fuel mixture outlet port, a fuel reservoir, means formaintaining a substantially constant level of fuel in said reservoir,and an air-fuel mixing device seated in said reservoir comprising avertically arranged tubular element having a vertical cylindrical boreopen at both ends and a u-shaped 'duct within the wall thereof saidduct` having a port in one vertical reach thereof establishingcommunication exteriorly of said element above the normal constant levelof fuel in said reservoir, another port establishing communication withsaid duct exteriorly of said element below the normal constant level offuel in said reservoir, and a third port in the other vertical reach ofsaid duct establishing communication exteriorly of said member andinteriorly of said cylindrical bore of said element above the normalconstant level of fuel in said reservoir.

3. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines having an air intakeport and an airfuel mixture outlet port, a centrally disposed throttlevalve mechanism opening into said outlet port comprising a plurality ofvalve ports, sleeve means for closing and progressively opening saidvalve ports and sleeve actuating means positioned within the sleeve foraxially moving said sleeve, an annular fuel reservoir surrounding saidvalve mechanism, a plurality of air-fuel mixing devices symmetricallydistributed about said valve mechanism seated in said fuel reservoir andin communication with said intake port, and individual conduit meansbetween each of said devices and respective ones of said valve ports.

4. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines having an air intakeport and an air-fuel mixture outlet port, a centrally disposed throttlevalve mechanism opening into said outlet port comprising a tubularmember having a plurality of valve ports therein, a sleeve for coveringsaid valve ports axially movable to progressiely uncover said valveports and sleeve actuating means positioned within the sleeve foraxially moving said sleeve, an annular fuel reservoir surrounding saidvalve mechanism, a plurality of air-fuel mixing devices symmetricallydistributed about said valve mechanism seated in said fuel reservoir andin communication with said intake port, and individual conduit meansbetween each of said devices and respective Vones of said valve ports. Yi

5. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines having an air intakeport and an air-fuel mixture outlet port, a centrally disposed throttlevalve mechanism opening into said outlet port comprising a vertically'extending tubular member having said outlet port at the bottom thereof,closed at its opposite end, having a plurality of valve ports radiallyand axially spaced therein, a sleeve axially movable to progressivelyuncover said valve ports and sleeve actuating means positioned withinthe sleeve for axially moving said sleeve, an annular fuel reservoirsurrounding said valve mechanism, a pluraltyof air-fuel mixing devicessymmetrically distributed about said valve mechanism seated in said fuelreservoir and in communication with said intake port, and individualconduit means between each of said devices and respective ones of saidvalve ports.

6. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines having an air intakeport and an air-fuel mixture outlet port, a centrally disposed throttlevalve mechanism opening into said outlet port comprising a plurality ofvalve ports, sleeve means for closing and progressively opening saidvalve ports and sleeve actuating means positioned within the sleeve foraxially moving said sleeve, an annular fuel reservoir surrounding saidvalve mechanism, a plurality of air-fuel mixing devices distributedabout said valve mechanism seated in said fuel reservoir, each saiddevice comprising .l vertically positioned tubular element having acylindrical bore thereof in communication at its top with said airintake port, and individual conduit means between the cylindrical boresof said tubular elements and respective ones of said valve ports.

7. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines, a centrallyvertically disposed tubular element closed at the top and open at thebottom providing an air-fuel mixture outlet port, said element having aplurality of radially and axially spaced valve ports therein, casingmeans surrounding said tubular element and spaced therefrom open at theupper portion thereof providing an air intake port said casing meanshaving a horizontal annular wall engaging said tubular element formingan annular fuel reservoir surrounding said tubular element, a pluralityof airfuel mixing devices symmetrically distributed about said tubularelement each said device comprising a vertically arranged tubular memberseated on said horizontal annular wall having a cylindrical bore theupper end of which is in communication with said air intake port andhaving a U-shaped duct within the walls thereof said duct in one of itsreaches opening exteriorly of said tubular member adjacent the upper endthereof and in the other of its reaches opening interiorly andexteriorly of said tubular member adjacent the upper end thereof, andopening exteriorly of said tubular member adjacent the lower endthereof, and individual conduit means between each of said devices atthe lower end of the cylindrical bore thereof through said annular plateto respective ones of said valve ports.

8. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines having an air intakeport and an air-fuel mixture outlet port, a fuel reservoir, an air-fuelmixing device seated in said reservoir comprising a vertically arrangedtubular element having a vertical cylindrical bore open at both ends anda U-shaped duct within the wall thereof said duct having a port in onevertical reach thereof establishing communication exteriorly of saidelement adjacent the upper end thereof, another port establishing.communication with said'duct exterior-ly of said element adjacent-fthe'lowerfend of said element and Within'said-reservoir, and a third portin the other vertical reach of-saidduct establishing communicationl'exteriorlyof said member and .interiorlyrof said cylindricaliborefofsaid element adjacent the upper end thereof, `and means for channellingair between sai-d air intake and :air-fuel 'mixture' outlet. ,portsthroughsaid cylindrical bore of 1 said tubular element.

9. An air `fuel mixing deviceffor a'car-huretor for internalr'combustion =engines comprising Va tubular element openat both endshaving a cylin- 15 theA opposite end ofsaid=e1ement,fand lathirdport inthe other Vertical reach of said duct establishf ing communicationexteriorly of saidmember and interiorly of said cylindrical bore of saidelement adjacent the same end thereof` as saidl first mentioned port.

REFERENCES CITED The 'following references are -of 'record inthe le ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES 'PA'IETS I Number Name Date 891,219 Menns June 19, 19081,018,262 Neal "Fe`b. `20, .1912 1,051,041 White Jan.'21, 1913 1,376,156`Murphy Apr. 26, 1'921 1,432,033 Peterson Oct. 17, 1922 2,187,885`-Markham?. J an. 23, v194:0

